Through field experiment, the effects of several fertilizations and acid soil conditioners on the soil acidity, available nutrient status of the acid red soil developed from Quaternary red earth and on crop yields were investigated. The results showed that there was statistically significant difference in alkali-hydrolyzable N content among soils treated with different fertilizations. Treatments (40d) with chemical fertilizer (NPK) in pepper season and Chinese cabbage season both showed the highest alkali-hydrolyzable N content, which was (156.80±23.38) mg/kg and (349.35±7.29) mg/kg, respectively. In pepper season, available P content in treatment (60d) with NPK was the highest, which was (160.35±31.21) mg/kg; in Chinese cabbage season, available P content in treatment with NPK and magnesium oxide (NPK+ MgO) was the highest, which was (211.13±7.34) mg/kg. Treatment with NPK and acid soil conditioner one (NPK+SR1) showed the highest available K content, which was (155.6±16.65) mg/kg and (278.93±3.5) mg/kg on average, respectively for pepper season and Chinese cabbage season. The effects of different fertilization treatments on soil pH, exchangeable acid (EA) and acid-base buffering capacity (pHBC) varied significantly, of which treatment with NPK and calcium oxide (NPK+CaO) and treatment (NPK+MgO) both significantly decreased soil pH, EA and pHBC. The average pH was increased by 1.23and 1.7 respectively, and the pHBC reached 45.9 mmol/kg and 49.0 mmol/kg respectively in treatment (NPK+CaO) and treatment (NPK+MgO), and pHBC in other treatment was about 30 mmol/kg. There was statistically significant difference in crop yield among different treatments, NPK treatment got the highest yield at pepper season, the yield increased by 226.9%, and treatment (NPK+MgO) got the highest yield at Chinese cabbage season, the yield increased by 58.7%. The above results indicate CaO and MgO could effectively decrease acidity in acid soil for vegetable cultivation and improve the yields of crops.