Through seedling resistance determination, resistance of ten rice varieties to brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), was studied in the green house. Among these rice varieties, special secondary compounds of 6 varieties were characterized by chromatography, and the relationship of the main substance peak in chromatography and the resistance level was analyzed. The variety Mudgo were indentified as highly resistant (HR), Jingxian89, Huahang8 and Shengbasimiao as resistant (R), Xiaolongzhan, XianxiaoZhan, Huahang1and Yuexiangzhan as moderately resistant (MR), Shuanggui feeling insect reaction and TN1 as high susceptible (HS) to BPH. The results in green house were confirmed by the population growth index (I) of BPH in the paddy field. I value of BPH population with TN1 and Yuexiangzhan was 28.079 and 6.422 9 respectively, showing an increasing trend of BPH; I value with resistant varieties Mudgo and Shengbasimiao was only 0.862 8 and 1.513 8, respectively. The resistant effects of the resistant varieties caused by natural enemy factors were far more powerful than those of the sensitive varieties. In addition, the content variations of secondary compounds in rice plants indicated that there was significant correlation between compound peak in chromatography and the resistance level. The fit linear regression equation is y=21.076 7－0.597 2x. Therefore, analyzing the secondary compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) could be used as a simple and fast way to identify rice resistance against BPH and predict the dynamics of BPH populations.