摘 要：南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(SRBSDV) p10蛋白由其基因组片段S10编码，根据SRBSD海南分离物S10序列(EU523360)设计特异性引物扩增编码p10蛋白的片段，并亚克隆至原核表达载体pET28a+，以大肠杆菌BL21plysS为宿主菌进行高水平表达，利用纯化的p10蛋白免疫兔子，制备了p10蛋白的特异性抗血清。ELISA检测显示，p10蛋白的抗血清可与来自湖南不同地区的白背飞虱病汁液发生强烈的血清学反应，表明该抗血清适用于田间SRBSDV的快速诊断。 Abstract: Protein p10 is encoded by the genome segment S10 of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV).Based on the sequence of S10 (EU523360), a pair of S10 specific primers were designed and used to amplify the p10 protein-encoding gene. The expected product was subcloned into the expression vector pET28a+, which was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21plysS and expressed at high level. Antiserum specifically against p10 protein was prepared using the purified protein to immunize rabbit. ELISA tests showed that the antiserum against p10 protein could react strongly with fluids from diseased insects, indicating that the antiserum could be used to rapidly diagnose the SRBSDV infection in fields. Key words: Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV); prokaryotic expression; antiserum