Through field investigation and data analysis in Mengdong River scenic spot canyon of Hunan province, the Characteristics of pteridophyte flora such as flora composition, geographical elements and relationships with other floras were studied in the paper. The results showed that there are 71 species of pteridophyte belonging to 37 generas and 21 families in the Mengdong River scenic spot canyon. The dominant families are Dryopteridaceae, Athyriaceae, Pteridaceae, Thelypteridaceae and Polypodiaceae, and the dominant generas are Dryopteris, Pteris, Selaginella, Cyclosorus. But within generas and families, the number of species is small. The large families under the general environment are inhibited here. The pteridophyte flora are dominantly eastern Asian elements, next comes tropical elements and then temperate elements. And the floristic components of this flora mainly originated locally which has close relationship with flora of tropical Asia, West and South of China and Japan and has great similarity to other floras, such as Dehang scenic spot, Jiaomuxi valley forest, Xiaoxi nature reserve, etc., which located in Wuling Mountain. It is an independent flora and its components should immigrate gradually from Wuling Mountain flora.