By systematical observation to the shortening stem structure and developing process of the sclereids in stem of Valeriana officinalis L.var.latifolia Miq., this paper showed that the shortening stem was a vegetative propagule which consisted of shoot apex, axillary buds, vascular bundles of leaf trace and root trace,etc. The shoot tip revealed three regions called apical meristem, elongation zone, and maturation zone. Expect orange hesperidin crystal, there were many leucoplasts, oil bodies accumulated in the parenchyma cells in the shortening stem. Clusters of sclereids chambers were distributed widely in the pith of the shortening stem node, which was initiated from rapid apical intrusive growth of sclereid initial cell, the deposition of a secondary lignifed cell wall in it and the parenchyma cells around it as well.