A study of sugarcane genetic engineering breeding has been made over the past twenty years, from the first primary success of herbicide resistant and insecticide resistance gene engineering of sugarcane using Agrobacterium- mediated approach to the use of high transgenic efficiency of sugarcane. All of these studies obtained a lot of achievements. This paper aims to analyse the impact factors of sugarcane transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, as well as the prospect of this research.