The study was designed to reveal the bacterial diversity in rumen and their community structure from Chuanzhong black goat using MiSeq sequencing technology. Three 140–day–old and weight of (15.53±0.21)kg Chuanzhong black goats were selected for collecting rumen liquid after normal feeding of 10 d (sample A),after 40 d ,the rumen fluid was collected again(sample F), respectively. Total DNA were extracted for amplifying V4 area in 16S rDNA, and their products were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq sequencing system. The results showed that: 1) A total of 338 830 high quality valid sequences from the sample A and the sample F, 3 400 operational taxonomic units were obtained. 2) The alpha diversity index of sample A was higher than that of sample F, however, their difference did not reach to statistical significance level. 3) At phylum level, the most abundant phylum in sample A was Bacteroidetes (accounted for 40.87% of the total sequences), followed by Firmicutes (it accounted for 27.19% of the total); the most abundant phylum in sample F was Bacteroidetes (accounted for 47.12% of the total sequences) followed by Proteobacteria (it accounted for 19.99% of the total), and Firmicutes (it accounted for 18.05% of the total); the relative abundance of Firmicutes in sample A was very significantly higher than that in sample F (P＜0.01). 4) At genus level, the most abundant genera was Prevotella (sample A was 25.54%, sample F was 27.67%); the relative abundance of Selenomonas, Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, Succinivibrio and Succiniclasticum in sample A was significantly higher than that in sample F (P＜0.05). In conclusion, Bacteroidetes was the most abundant phylum in the rumen bacterial community of Chuanzhong black goats, and Prevotella was the most abundant genus; there were significant difference between sample A and sample F.