This study investigated the genetic effects of myogenin gene(MYOG) polymorphism on carcass traits, meat quality traits, and muscle fiber characteristics by analyzing 459 pigs from eight populations at approximately 180 days of age (Meishan, Yorkshire, Landrace, Yorkshire × Meishan F1, Meishan × Yorkshire F1, Landrace × Yorkshire F1, Yorkshire × Landrace F1, and Yorkshire × Meishan F2). Results showed that MYOG exhibited 3 genotypes (AA, AB, BB) in the pig populations. An increase in lean meat percentage was significantly associated with the BB genotype, with increases of 3.57% and 3.28% compared to the AA and AB genotypes, respectively. In the Yorkshire × Meishan F2 population, MYOG genotype was significantly correlated with pH values of the eye muscle and biceps femoris muscle; while in the Yorkshire × Meishan F1 population, the genotype of MYOG was significantly correlated with marbling score (MM2) of biceps femoris muscle.