Drought and salt tolerance related functions were identified on the transgenic OsmiR530-OE rice mediated by Agrobacterium tumefacience and Nipponbare. The results showed that two mature sequences of OsmiR530, OsmiR530-5P and OsmiR530-3P existed in the plant, and the expression of OsmiR530 was significantly increased in the OsmiR530-OE transgenic plants. The expression levels of predicted target genes OsTAP46, OsC3HC4, OsPWI and OsE1 of OsmiR530-5p were down-regulated in OsmiR530-OE transgenic plants. Under drought and salt stress, OsmiR530 gene could increase germination rate, root length, seedling height and seedling tolerance to drought and salt stress. SOD, POD and CAT activities of drought-treated plants were detected, and it was found that SOD, POD and CAT activities of OsmiR530-OE transgenic rice increased significantly. The statistical analysis of agronomic traits of rice plants at maturity showed that the leaf surface area, thousand grain weight and seed setting rate of sword leaf of rice plants overexpressing OsmiR530 were significantly reduced. Most likely,OsmiR530 could regulate the tolerance of rice to salt and drought stress.